Ukuqinisa Kwesixhobo Sokuqinisa Isixhobo Sokufakwa Emhlabathini.

Ukufaka i-optical fiber cables emhlabathini phakathi kwezindawo ezide—njengezindawo zezimpahla zemithambo, izihlangu zemikhumbi, nezindawo eziphakade zezindawo zokusebenza emazweni—kuyabonisa isixhobo sokufakwa kwezinkinga zokusebenza, zokubheka umkhondo, nezinkinga zokugcina. Ngaphandle kwezindawo zokufakwa emakhaya noma kwezindawo zokufakwa emhlabathini, apho isixhobo sokufakwa sibeka kwezindawo zokugcina, isixhobo sokufakwa se-optical fiber emhlabathini sisebenza njengesixhobo sokubheka umkhondo esikhangela umbono walo phakathi kwezindawo zokugcina.

Ukungakhathalisi ukuthi kubhekwe ubukhulu bakwezihlathi zokugcina izihlathi, ubude bekuphakanyiswa kwesikhundla, iziphakade zokuhlehlwa, nokuthi kubhekwe izinkulungwane zezinhlobo zezinsuku zokusebenza kuzoba ngokuthi kubhekwe izihlathi zokugcina ezincinci, izibonelo zokugcina okungafanele, ukuhlehlwa okuphelele kwezihlathi, noma ukuphakanyiswa kwesikhundla. Le gujida ibonisa izindlela zokusebenza, iziqephu zokusebenza, izimiso, nezindlela zokusebenza emkhaya ozokufunda ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi izihlathi zokugcina ziyasebenza ngendlela efanele.

1. Izindlela Zokugcina Ukugcina Nokuthi Kunezintathu Zokugcina

Ubukhulu bakwezihlathi zokugcina bunifuza ubukhulu obukhulu bakwezihlathi zokugcina okufanele ukuthi zitholeke ngaphandle kokuthi zihlehlwe, zihlehlwe, noma zihlehlwe kwezihlathi zokugcina. Kukusebenza kwemithombo yezihlathi, ukugcina kubhekwa ngamathezi amathathu okusebenza okuchazwa ngu-National Electrical Safety Code (NESC) nezimiso zasezweni.

1. Ukugcina Kwesikhundla (Ukugcina Okuphambili)

• Uchazwa Ngokuthi: Ubukhulu obukhulu bakwezihlathi zokugcina okubhekwa ngaphakathi kwesikhundla sokugcina izihlathi.

• Umdlalo Wokusebenza: Ukuqina kokufakwa akufanele neze kudlule ama-50% kuya kuma-70% we-MAT (Maximum Allowable Tension) yekhebula.

• Umphumela wokwehluleka: Ukweqa lo mkhawulo kuphoqa ingilazi yangaphakathi ukuba ibekezelele ukucindezelwa ngokomzimba, okuholela ekuqhekekeni okuncane ngokushesha okuhambisana nengilazi eyi-125-micron enikeza ukulahleka okukhulu kokufakwa noma ukuqhuma kwe-fiber esikhathini esizayo ngaphansi kokwanda okushisayo.

2. Ukubamba iqhaza Ukuqina okuphezulu okuvunyelwe (MAT - Design Load)

• Uchazwa Ngokuthi: Umkhawulo wokulayisha kwesakhiwo wesikhashana ikhebula elingawuthwala ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu.

• Izinguquko Zomvelo: I-MAT ichaza isivinini somoya esiphezulu (njengamakhilomitha angu-160 ngehora), ukuqoqwa kweqhwa elinzima (njengobukhulu beqhwa obungu-6.4 mm kuya ku-12.7 mm), kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi okusebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa.

• Isisekelo Sokubala: Ngaphansi komthwalo ogcwele we-MAT, ukucindezelwa kwe-fiber optic kufanele kuhlale ngaphakathi komkhawulo wokuphepha we-elasticity womkhiqizi (ngokuvamile kungaphansi noma kulingana no-0.23% kuya ku-0.33% wokucindezelwa) ukuvimbela ukucindezelwa unomphela.

3. Ukuphila okujabulisayo Ukucindezeleka Kwansuku Zonke (EDS - Static Working Load)

• Uchazwa Ngokuthi: Ukuqina kwesikhathi eside, okuqhubekayo okubonwa ikhebula emazingeni okushisa ajwayelekile (njengama-15 kuya kuma-20 degrees Celsius) angenamoya futhi engenayo iqhwa.

• Umkhawulo Wokusebenza: I-EDS ngokuvamile kufanele ihlale ngaphansi kuka-15% kuya ku-25% wamandla okuqhekeka okuqokiwe ekhebula. Ukugcina ukucindezeleka kwansuku zonke kuphansi kuvimbela ukuhlanekezela kwesikhathi eside kwezinto ezisezingeni lamalungu futhi kuvimbela ukukhathala kokucindezeleka kwangaphandle phakathi neminyaka engu-25 kuya kwengu-30 yokusebenza.

2. Ukubamba iqhaza Izakhi Zokwakha Nezindawo Zokuqina Komshini

Izindwangu zengilazi ze-silica ezibucayi (okufakwayo okungu-125-micron nge-acrylate enamathelayo engu-250-micron) zinokuqina okuncane kokudonsa. Amandla omshini ancike ngokuphelele ezintweni zangaphakathi noma ezihlanganisiwe ezakhelwe ukumunca amandla okudonsa nawokucindezela.

Ukuqhathanisa Izinto Zokuqinisa

3. Ukuphila okujabulisayo Izakhiwo Zamakhebuli Asezulwini: Umdwebo-8 vs. I-ADSS

Ukukhetha ukwakheka kwekhebula elifanele kuxhomeke ekubeni khona kwezintambo zikagesi, amabanga ezinsika, nezimo zemvelo zokulayisha.

Amacable ase-Figure-8 ase-self-supporting

Amakhadi aseSithombeni-8 anephrofayela yokuxosha kabili lapho ucingo lwe-messenger lwensimbi olunamandla amakhulu olwenziwe ngensimbi luxhumene nenkaba ye-optical tube engaphansi nge-polyethylene web eguquguqukayo.

• Ukuziphatha Kwesakhiwo: Intambo yensimbi yokuthumela imiyalezo ithatha u-100% wokuqina kwemishini ngesikhathi sokufakwa nokulayishwa kwansuku zonke.

• Ukuvikelwa kwe-fiber: Izintambo ezibonakalayo zindiza ngokukhululekile ngaphakathi kwamapayipi agcwele i-gel agcwele imibala, zihlala zihlukaniswe ngokuphelele nokucindezelwa kwentambo yensimbi.

• Umongo Wokusebenzisa: Ilungele imigqa ye-pole ye-telecommunication kuphela, ama-spans amafushane kuya kwaphakathi (kufika kumamitha ayi-100 kuya kwangu-150) kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezindawo zasemakhaya ezibiza kakhulu.

Amacabhi Asezweni Wonke (ADSS)

Izicabhi zika-ADSS ziyizinto ezingenakho kwezinye izinto ezinamathuba, zihlanganisiwe ngokusebenzisa isikhumba sokuthuthukisa se-FRP esikodwa, amaphetha amancane awonake ngomthwalo wokuhlanganisa, ilayiya yezincwadi zekhanda elinganayo, nokubhala kwesikhumba sokuphatha ukungabi nesibhakabhaka.

• Ukuziphatha Kwesakhiwo: Ukuthwasa kwezithakazelo kusakha ngokufanana phakathi kwelayiya yezincwadi zekhanda elinganayo kanye nesikhumba sokuthuthukisa se-FRP.

• Ubunzima bokuphatha kwezithakazelo: Ngoba azinakho izinto ezinamathuba, izicabhi zika-ADSS zinokufakwa ngokuphelele emkhawulweni wokuthuthukisa kwezithakazelo eziningi (njengoko kuyi-12 kV ku-500 kV) ngaphandle kokuthi kubhekwe ngokuphatha kwezithakazelo noma kubhekwe ngokuthwasa kwezithakazelo.

• Umongo Wokusebenzisa: Amakhawuli okuthuthukisa kwezithakazelo eziningi, amaspani amaningi okugcina amanzi noma izindawo zokugcina (amaspani angama-200 ku-500 meters noma kangakanani), nezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu ngokuthi kuzobhekwa ngokuthwasa kwezithakazelo.

4. Izisombululo zokusebenza kanye nezindlela zokuvumela

Izicabhi zokuphakama zokuphakama zihlanganisiwe kanye zihlola ngokujabula kwezindlela zokuthuthukisa zasezweni, kufuneka kubhekwe IEC 60794 , IEEE 1222 (kuma ADSS), futhi YD/T 901 :

• Ukukhula Kwe-Force Yokuphakama: Izihluzi zesikhala sezinkampani zokusebenza kakhulu zezinhlobo zezikhala zokubeka phakade nezikhala zokubeka phakade (ADSS) zizokwenzela ukuthi zilindele amandla okuphakama kusukela ku-3000 Newtons kuma-span ombi kuya kuma-15000 Newtons kuma-span omkhulu kakhulu we-ADSS.

• Ukuhlanya Kokugcina: Kufanele ilindele ukugcina okuncane kwe-side-pressure we-1000 Newtons ngamiliyoni yezinkampani zokubeka phakade kanye nezinkampani zokubeka phakade zokuhlanganisa ukuze zingalindele izikhala zokubeka phakade zokugcina.

• Isikhala Sokusebenza Kwesikhathi Sokusebenza: Iyakhiwa ukuze isebenze kahle kusukela ku-minus 40 degrees Celsius kuya ku-plus 70 degrees Celsius ngaphandle kokugqibela kwesikhala sokubeka phakade noma ukuguqula kwesikhala sokubeka phakade.

5. Imithombo Yokusetyenziswa Kwesikhathi Sokusebenza Nokulawula Ubukhulu

Ukuzimisela imithombo eyodwa yokuqondisa kusetyenziswa kwesikhathi sokusebenza kanye nokubeka phakade kuyinika ukuthi akukho vuthi lokugcina lomkhulu lokuqala:

1. Indlela yokugcina nokuthintana kwezinkinga zokugcina: Ukugcina nokuthintana kwezinkinga zokugcina kubizwa ngokuthintana kahle kwezinkinga zokugcina. Ukugcina kubalwa ngokuthi ubungakanani bekabili lomkhakha wokugcina kanye nesikwele sokuphakama kwesikhombisa, kahle kubhalwa ngokuphinda kabili kwezinkinga zokugcina. Abatekinisi kufanele baphinde baxhuma emazini okugcina nokuthintana kwezinkinga zokugcina okwenzelwe ngaphambi kokuthi bafake umkhakha ngokugcina okunzima ukuze kubhekwe ukuthi kuzosindiswa ukugcina okukhona ngokuthintana kwezinkinga zokugcina ngeminyaka yezinkanyezi ngaphandle kokuphikisana nezinkinga zokugcina zokuphakama.

2. Ukuphatha kwezinkinga zokugcina ngokusebenzisa i-dynamometer: Okuphatha kwezinkinga zokugcina kufanele kusebenzise i-dynamometer enobuchwepheshe obuhlelwe kanye ne-capstan winch enobuchwepheshe obuhlelwe ngokuzimela ukuthi iphinde isetwe ku-50% yezinkinga zokugcina zokuphakama zomkhakha.

3. Ukuphatha kwezinkinga zokugcina ngokusebenzisa i-bend radius: Kufanele kubekwe i-bend radius engaphezulu kwe-20 kanye nesikwele sokuphakama kwesikhombisa ngokuphatha. Uma kusetyenziswa emasikhombisini okugcina okuphakamile, i-bend radius ingathintana kwe-10 kanye nesikwele sokuphakama kwesikhombisa.

4. Amashilayi okuphatha amadlinganisi: Ukufaka umkhakha kufanele kusebenzise amashilayi amakhulu, amanqaku okuphatha amahlele kuzo zonke izikhombisa ukuze kususwe izinkinga zokuphatha eziningi ngokuphatha.

Umbono wokuvula imibuzo yokuqondisa ukuthi kungani ukuthi kubhekwa phansi kwamaphoyinti emhlabeni